Abstract

Risk assessment of combined chemical exposures is essential for understanding the cumulative effects of multiple chemicals on human health and the environment. Traditional risk assessment approaches often evaluate chemicals in isolation, neglecting potential interactions that can lead to additive, synergistic, or antagonistic effects. This article discusses the importance of assessing combined exposures, outlines methodologies for evaluating risks, and highlights case studies demonstrating the need for comprehensive assessment strategies. The challenges and future directions in this field are also explored, emphasizing the need for improved frameworks to protect public health and inform regulatory policies.