Abstract

The global water crisis is a critical issue driven by population growth, urbanization, climate change, unsustainable agricultural and industrial practices, and pollution. This review examines water scarcity and contamination’s multifaceted causes and widespread impacts, highlighting the significant health, economic, social, and environmental consequences. Case studies, such as Cape Town’s “Day Zero,” the shrinkage of the Aral Sea, and Flint’s lead contamination, illustrate the diverse manifestations of water crises worldwide. Solutions require an integrated approach involving improved water management, technological innovations, robust policies, community engagement, and international cooperation. Addressing the water crisis is essential for sustainable development, environmental protection, and global stability