Abstract

Rice is a staple crop grown worldwide, providing food and livelihoods to millions of people. However, rice production faces significant challenges from pests and diseases, which can lead to severe yield losses and threaten food security. This comprehensive review aims to examine the current management strategies for rice pests and diseases, focusing on integrated pest management (IPM), chemical control, biological control, and resistant varieties. Emphasis is placed on sustainable approaches to reduce dependency on chemical pesticides while maintaining or improving yield. The review identifies emerging threats to rice production, discusses effective strategies for controlling pests and diseases, and suggests areas for future research to enhance rice protection.