Abstract

Pediatric pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a condition marked by elevated pulmonary arterial pressure, which can significantly impact a child’s quality of life and survival. Unlike adults, pediatric PH often has multifactorial origins, including prenatal, genetic, and developmental factors. This review provides a comprehensive update on the causes and classification of pediatric PH, current therapeutic strategies, and highlights areas for future research. The unique aspects of diagnosing and managing pediatric PH are discussed, emphasizing the diverse etiologies compared to adults. We also explore common causes such as developmental lung disease, genetic variations, and congenital heart disease, and review the treatment approaches guided by available evidence and expert opinions.