Abstract

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has revolutionized the field of diagnostic medicine by providing a highly sensitive and specific method for detecting a wide range of infectious diseases. This paper explores the advanced applications of ELISA technology, highlighting its evolution from a basic laboratory technique to a sophisticated diagnostic tool with diverse applications in infectious disease detection. Recent advancements have enhanced the sensitivity, specificity, and speed of ELISA, enabling more accurate and timely diagnosis of infections caused by viruses, bacteria, and parasites. Innovations such as multiplex ELISA, nano-ELISA, and point-of-care ELISA platforms have expanded the utility of this assay, allowing for simultaneous detection of multiple pathogens, improved detection limits, and the development of rapid diagnostic tests suitable for field use. Despite these advancements, challenges such as standardization, cost, and the need for specialized equipment remain. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of ELISA technology in the context of infectious disease detection, discussing its benefits, limitations, and future directions for research and application in global health.