Abstract

Nanocomposites have emerged as a crucial material class, combining the unique properties of nanomaterials with the structural integrity of bulk matrices. Recent advances have demonstrated significant progress in both structural and functional applications of nanocomposites. The incorporation of nanoparticles, such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, and metal oxides, into polymers, metals, and ceramics has enhanced the mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties of these composites. Structural applications, including aerospace, automotive, and construction industries, benefit from improved strength, durability, and lightweight characteristics. Meanwhile, functional applications in electronics, energy storage, and environmental remediation have been realized due to the exceptional conductivity, catalytic properties, and sensing capabilities of nanocomposites. This review summarizes the recent advancements, challenges, and future directions in the development of nanocomposites for structural and functional applications. These materials offer vast potential for innovations across various industries, and continued research is essential to optimize their performance and scalability for commercial use.