Abstract

Gas chromatography (GC) stands as a cornerstone technique in analytical chemistry, offering precise separation, identification, and quantification of compounds across various industries. This review encapsulates recent advancements in GC methodologies, covering innovations in column technologies, detectors, sample introduction systems, and data analysis techniques. Moreover, it delves into the application of GC in fields such as environmental analysis, food safety, forensics, and pharmaceuticals. Additionally, emerging trends like microfabricated devices, multidimensional GC, and chemometric approaches are discussed, pointing toward the future trajectory of GC research.