Abstract

Recent advancements in Flame and Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption (AAS) spectrometry have significantly enhanced the capabilities and efficiency of elemental analysis. These technologies are widely used in various fields, such as environmental monitoring, food safety, clinical analysis, and material science. Advances in atomizers, light sources, sample introduction systems, and multi-element detection techniques have expanded AAS applications and improved accuracy and sensitivity. This article discusses recent developments in Flame and Graphite Furnace AAS, including innovations in instrumentation, new techniques for sample preparation, and the incorporation of modern computational tools. The challenges associated with AAS and how new advancements have mitigated these issues are also explored, followed by an assessment of future trends in the field.