Abstract

The management of relapsed and recurrent bone tumors presents significant clinical challenges, particularly in achieving local control while minimizing treatment-related morbidity. Radiation therapy has emerged as a vital modality in these cases, offering palliative relief and, in some instances, curative potential. Advances in radiation techniques, such as stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), and proton beam therapy, have enhanced precision and minimized damage to surrounding healthy tissues. This review highlights the role of radiation therapy in the treatment of relapsed and recurrent bone tumors, focusing on innovative strategies that improve local control and functional outcomes. It also addresses the complexities of irradiation, including cumulative dose constraints, treatment planning, and mitigating late toxicities. Furthermore, emerging approaches that integrate radiation therapy with systemic treatments, such as targeted therapies and immunotherapy, offer promising avenues for improving survival and quality of life. A multidisciplinary approach remains essential to optimizing outcomes for these patients, emphasizing the importance of personalized treatment plans and advances in radiation delivery technologies.