Abstract

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) combined with carbon nanomaterials has emerged as a promising composite for applications in energy storage and sensing technologies. PVDF, a versatile polymer with excellent mechanical properties, piezoelectric characteristics, and chemical stability, is significantly enhanced by incorporating various forms of carbon nanomaterials, such as graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and carbon black. These composites exhibit improved electrical conductivity, electrochemical performance, and mechanical properties, making them suitable for use in supercapacitors, batteries, and sensors. This review explores the synthesis, characterization, and performance of PVDF-carbon nanomaterial composites in energy storage systems like lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, and energy harvesting devices, as well as their use in sensors for detecting environmental pollutants, gases, and biological species. The integration of PVDF with carbon-based materials enables higher capacity, faster charge/discharge rates, and increased efficiency in both energy storage and sensor applications. The future outlook on optimizing the properties of these composites for next-generation technologies is also discussed.