Abstract

Pregnancy complications are medical conditions that arise during pregnancy, affecting the health and wellbeing of both the mother and the fetus. These complications can range from mild to severe and may develop due to pre-existing health issues, lifestyle factors, or unexpected events during pregnancy. Common complications include gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, preterm labor, placenta previa, and miscarriage. Factors such as maternal age, obesity, chronic diseases, and multiple pregnancies increase the risk of complications. Early detection through routine prenatal care and diagnostic tests is crucial for effective management and prevention of adverse outcomes. Symptoms such as high blood pressure, severe abdominal pain, excessive swelling, or unusual vaginal bleeding warrant immediate medical attention. Management strategies include medication, lifestyle modifications, regular monitoring, and, in severe cases, surgical interventions. Educating expectant mothers about warning signs, ensuring access to quality healthcare, and promoting healthy lifestyle choices are essential in reducing the burden of pregnancy-related complications. This paper highlights the causes, symptoms, risk factors, and management approaches for common pregnancy complications, aiming to raise awareness and encourage proactive measures for maternal and fetal health. Pregnancy complications can pose significant risks to both the mother and the fetus, requiring timely recognition and management to ensure favorable outcomes. These complications range from common issues, such as gestational diabetes and preeclampsia, to rarer but potentially life-threatening conditions, including ectopic pregnancy and placental abruption. This paper explores the causes, symptoms, and management strategies for common pregnancy complications, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and multidisciplinary care. Factors contributing to these complications include maternal age, pre-existing health conditions, lifestyle habits, and genetic predispositions. Symptoms often manifest in subtle or nonspecific ways, underscoring the importance of routine prenatal care. Management strategies vary based on the severity and nature of the complication, ranging from lifestyle modifications and pharmacological interventions to surgical procedures. Additionally, this review highlights the role of patient education and preventive measures in mitigating risks. By understanding these complications, healthcare providers and expecting mothers can work together to navigate challenges and promote maternal-fetal well-being.