Abstract

Precision oncology represents a transformative approach to cancer treatment, harnessing genomic profiling to guide therapeutic decisions. This strategy moves beyond traditional chemotherapy and radiation, focusing on targeting specific genetic mutations, alterations, and biomarkers present within a patient’s tumor. With advancements in high-throughput sequencing technologies and bioinformatics tools, precision oncology promises to improve clinical outcomes by personalizing therapy based on a patient’s unique molecular characteristics. This article reviews the evolution of precision oncology, its current applications, and the challenges faced in translating genomic findings into clinical practice. Moreover, we discuss future prospects for integrating precision oncology with immunotherapy and other emerging treatments to enhance therapeutic efficacy and minimize adverse effects.