Abstract

The era of precision medicine has ushered in a paradigm shift in oncology, emphasizing tailored approaches to diagnosis and treatment. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has emerged as a pivotal diagnostic and therapeutic tool, exemplifying the principles of precision medicine. This review explores the multifaceted role of SLNB in the context of oncology, highlighting its significance as a precise, minimally invasive technique with far-reaching implications. SLNB, originally developed for melanoma and breast cancer, has redefined the landscape of nodal staging in surgical oncology. By identifying the sentinel lymph node the initial node in the lymphatic drainage pathway from a primary tumor SLNB offers unparalleled precision in assessing nodal involvement. Its diagnostic accuracy and prognostic value have been well-established, allowing for early detection of metastatic disease and informed therapeutic decisions. In breast cancer, SLNB has facilitated personalized surgical approaches, enabling the avoidance of unnecessary axillary lymph node dissections and their associated morbidity. Its role extends beyond diagnosis, impacting adjuvant treatment recommendations and long-term outcomes.