Abstract

Pneumothorax is a medical condition characterized by the presence of air in the pleural cavity, the space between the lung and the chest wall. This condition can disrupt the delicate balance of negative pressure required for normal lung function, making every breath a challenging ordeal. Pneumothorax can occur spontaneously or as a result of trauma, underlying lung diseases, or medical procedures. This abstract provides an overview of pneumothorax, its types, causes, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management. Pneumothorax is classified into two main categories: primary and secondary. Primary pneumothorax, often observed in young, healthy individuals, occurs without any underlying lung disease. Secondary pneumothorax, on the other hand, is associated with preexisting lung conditions, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or cystic fibrosis, and is more common in older adults. The clinical presentation of pneumothorax typically includes sudden-onset chest pain and breathlessness. Patients may exhibit signs of respiratory distress, such as increased respiratory rate, shallow breathing, and decreased oxygen saturation. Diagnosis relies on a combination of clinical assessment, physical examination, and imaging techniques, with chest X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans playing a pivotal role in confirming the condition. The primary goal of treatment is to remove the trapped air from the pleural space and re-establish normal lung function. Pneumothorax is a critical medical condition that can turn every breath into a battle. Understanding its types, causes, clinical presentation, and management options is crucial for healthcare professionals to ensure prompt and effective care for affected individuals. This abstract provides a concise overview of pneumothorax, highlighting its significance and the need for timely diagnosis and appropriate management to restore respiratory function and alleviate the physical and emotional burden on patients.