Abstract

Antibodies have become essential tools in the field of biomedicine, with an increasing number of therapeutic antibodies being developed for the treatment of various diseases. Understanding the pharmacokinetics of these antibodies is crucial for optimizing their therapeutic efficacy and minimizing potential adverse effects. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the pharmacokinetics of antibodies, including their absorption,distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) profiles. The absorption of antibodies following different routes of administration, such as intravenous, subcutaneous, and intramuscular, is discussed, highlighting factors that influence their bioavailability and onset of action. The distribution of antibodies within the body, including their tissue penetration and interaction with target antigens, is examined to elucidate their potential therapeutic targets and limitations. The metabolism and elimination pathways of antibodies, involving processes such as proteolysis and clearance, are explored, emphasizing the role of the immune system and the impact of disease states on antibody pharmacokinetics. Factors affecting antibody half-life and dosing regimens, such as antibody size, target antigen expression, and the presence of neutralizing antibodies, are also examined.