Abstract

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics are fundamental aspects of drug interactions that significantly influence the efficacy and safety of pharmacological treatments. Understanding how drugs interact with one another is essential for optimizing therapeutic outcomes. Pharmacokinetics focuses on the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs, which determine their concentration in the body. Pharmacodynamics, on the other hand, examines how drugs exert their effects on specific targets in the body. This article explores the intricacies of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics as the second set of mechanisms involved in drug interactions. It discusses the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion processes, as well as the effects of drugs on receptors and enzymes. The clinical significance of drug interactions is highlighted, including enhanced therapeutic effects and potential adverse outcomes. Understanding pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions is crucial in clinical practice to optimize medication regimens and minimize risks associated with drug interactions

Keywords: Antimicrobial; Bacteriophage; Pharmacokinetics; Pharmacodynamics