Abstract

Pharmacogenomics, an interdisciplinary field combining pharmacology and genomics, enables the customization of drug treatments based on individual genetic profiles. By identifying genetic variations that affect drug metabolism, efficacy, and safety, pharmacogenomics holds the potential to revolutionize personalized medicine. This article discusses the foundational principles of pharmacogenomics, its impact on drug development, and its clinical applications in various therapeutic areas, such as oncology, cardiovascular diseases, and psychiatry. Additionally, it highlights challenges like ethical concerns, regulatory hurdles, and the need for robust clinical evidence. The future of pharmacogenomics looks promising with advancements in genome sequencing and bioinformatics tools, paving the way for optimized therapeutic strategies.