Abstract

Climate change is increasingly influencing the vulnerability of crops to pests and diseases, with significant implications for global agriculture. Rising temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, and increased atmospheric CO2 levels are creating more favorable conditions for pest proliferation and disease spread. Warmer winters allow pests to overwinter in greater numbers, while accelerated life cycles result in more frequent infestations. Similarly, shifting climate patterns are affecting the prevalence and distribution of plant diseases, leading to more severe outbreaks. These changes threaten crop yields, food security, and agricultural sustainability. To address these challenges, integrated pest management, resilient crop varieties, climate-smart agriculture, early warning systems, and farmer education are essential strategies for mitigating the impacts of climate-induced pest and disease pressures.