Abstract

Pesticide runoff from agricultural and urban areas has become a critical environmental issue, leading to the contamination of freshwater ecosystems. The presence of pesticides in aquatic environments poses significant threats to freshwater biodiversity by altering species composition, disrupting food webs, and causing physiological stress in aquatic organisms. This study evaluates the toxicological impacts of pesticide runoff, examining its effects on various freshwater species, bioaccumulation processes, and ecosystem health. Findings indicate an urgent need for sustainable agricultural practices and regulatory measures to mitigate pesticide pollution and protect freshwater biodiversity