Abstract

Personalized medicine has emerged as a transformative approach in clinical pharmacology, aiming to optimize therapeutic outcomes by tailoring treatment regimens to individual patient characteristics. This article explores the integration of two key components of personalized medicine – pharmacogenomics and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) – and their synergistic role in enhancing clinical pharmacology practices. Pharmacogenomics involves the study of genetic variations that influence drug response, while TDM entails the measurement of drug concentrations in biological fluids to optimize dosage regimens. By integrating pharmacogenomic testing with TDM, clinicians can anticipate individual patient responses to medications, adjust dosage regimens based on genetic and pharmacokinetic factors, and ultimately improve treatment efficacy and safety. This review discusses the clinical applications, challenges, and future directions of personalized medicine approaches in clinical pharmacology, highlighting their potential to revolutionize pharmacotherapy across diverse medical specialties