Abstract

Two hard tissues and two soft tissues make up the periodontium. All teeth include the periodontal ligament (PDL), a fibrous connective tissue. The periodontium’s primary job is to secure the tooth to the bone. The gingival fibers, which are found in the gingival region, are the main PDL fibers. They are divided into five groups: the dentoperiosteal group, circular group, alveologingival group, and transseptal fiber. The PDL’s transseptal fibers are also referred to as the interdental ligament. The alveolodental ligament category includes alveolar crest fibers. The cementum of the tooth is connected to the bone by horizontal fibers that are present close to the alveolar crest and run perpendicular to the tooth’s long axis. The PDL has oblique fibers apical to the horizontal fibers. Multirooted teeth have interradicular fibers in the spaces between the roots. The term “gingivitis” refers to gingiva inflammation.