Abstract

Is there a co-relation between the use of biomaterials and the development, or not, of peri-implantitis? To answer such relevant clinical question, Pubmed data base was consulted (keywords “peri-implantitis” and “biomaterials”) resulting in 340 studies (2013-2023). The review was registered in PROSPERO, #CRD42023412334. Filters applied: Clinical Trials (CT), Randomized CT. Inclusion/exclusion criteria were applied, resulting in 12 studies. The studies were assessed for quality and bias (Newcastle-Ottawa Scale of Evaluation of Quality). 576 patients were submitted to randomize CT/CT, 723 implants evaluated. Prior to surgeries, patients were submitted to periodontal/radiographic examination (average post-operatory interval of 20.5 months). Probing pocket depths were recorded prior/during the follow-up period. Biomaterials used in the selected studies included chlorexidine coating of the internal chamber of the implant (8.33%), showing significant smaller number of bacterial units. However, no long-term analysis of the patients was performed. Bone substitutes materials were used in 58.33% of the studies, in combination (or not) with concentrated growth factors (CGF). The results were contradictory: 50% found no differences in the outcomes. The other 50% of the studies with bone substitutes with CGF showed significant improvements in both clinical and radiographic assessments. Titanium granules were present in a minor number of studies from the final sample (16.6%), showing no difference in bone marker levels. Biphasic calcium phosphate ceramic granules were used in to fill the bone loss after peri-implantitis. Other studies (16.6%) preferred to compare the use of chitosan brushes to the use of traditional currettes, showing reduced signs of inflammation after the baseline treatment and 3 months after maintenance. After the analysis of the results, we concluded that the area of biomaterials is broad and the study of peri-implantitis encompasses different lines of research. Thus, we were not able to establish a co-relation between the use of biomaterials and peri-implantitis.