Abstract

The misuse and abuse of opioid painkillers have become a significant public health concern worldwide. This study investigates patterns of abuse and individual variability in response to commonly abused opioid painkillers, including oxycodone, hydrocodone, meperidine, hydromorphone, and propoxyphene. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, both quantitative and qualitative data were collected from individuals with a history of opioid abuse. Results indicate diverse patterns of abuse and individual differences in response to these medications, highlighting the complexity of opioid misuse and the need for personalized interventions. These findings underscore the importance of understanding individual variability in opioid response for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies.