Abstract

Chronic chikungunya arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are two distinct conditions characterized by chronic joint inflammation and damage. This article aims to explore the shared features in the pathogenesis of chronic chikungunya arthritis and RA, shedding light on the underlying mechanisms that contribute to the development and progression of these conditions. Both chronic chikungunya arthritis and RA involve immunological dysregulation, with aberrant immune responses leading to persistent joint inflammation. The release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the presence of autoantibodies contribute to the perpetuation of the inflammatory cascade in both conditions. Synovial inflammation, characterized by hyperplasia, infiltration of immune cells, and increased vascularity, is a common feature observed in affected joints of patients with chronic chikungunya arthritis and RA.

Joint destruction is a shared outcome in both conditions, driven by the chronic inflammatory milieu. Cartilage degradation, bone erosions, and an imbalance between the production and degradation of extracellular matrix components contribute to progressive joint damage in chronic chikungunya arthritis and RA. Genetic susceptibility, including specific human leukocyte antigen associations, plays a role in the development of both conditions, influencing immune dysregulation and joint pathology Autoimmunity may also be a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of chronic chikungunya arthritis and RA. The presence of autoantibodies, such as rheumatoid factor and anti-citrullinated protein antibodies, suggests an autoimmune component in chronic chikungunya arthritis, similar to RA. Molecular mimicry may trigger an immune response against self-structures, leading to the production of autoantibodies.

Understanding the shared features between chronic chikungunya arthritis and RA provides insights into the underlying mechanisms and pathways involved in these conditions. This knowledge may contribute to the development of targeted therapeutic strategies and interventions aimed at reducing joint inflammation and preventing joint damage in both chronic chikungunya arthritis and RA. Further research is warranted to unravel the complexities of these conditions and identify novel therapeutic targets for effective management.