Abstract

Palynology, the study of pollen and spores, has emerged as a powerful tool in forensic science, offering valuable applications in both archaeology and criminal investigations. Pollen grains, which are highly resistant to decay, can be recovered from a variety of materials, including soil, clothing, and human remains, providing critical evidence for linking individuals to specific locations or timeframes. In archaeology, palynology aids in reconstructing past environments and understanding human activity through the analysis of ancient pollen records. In forensic contexts, it can help establish the location of a crime scene, determine the time of death, and track the movement of individuals or objects. By examining pollen assemblages, forensic scientists can pinpoint geographic regions and specific habitats, even identifying subtle changes in the environment over time. This ability is especially useful in cases of unexplained deaths, missing persons, or historical investigations. The accuracy and sensitivity of palynological analysis make it a valuable complementary tool alongside DNA and other forensic methods.