Abstract

Palynology, the study of pollen and spores, provides invaluable insights into past climates and environmental changes. Pollen fossils, preserved in sedimentary deposits, serve as a natural archive, allowing scientists to reconstruct ancient ecosystems and track shifts in climate over geological timescales. This study explores how palynological data can be used to understand past climate variations, with a focus on its applications in studying climate change. By analyzing the distribution, diversity, and abundance of pollen grains, researchers can infer temperature, precipitation, and other environmental conditions that prevailed at different points in Earth's history. These findings not only enhance our understanding of natural climate fluctuations but also provide crucial context for predicting future environmental changes in the face of modern global warming.