Abstract

Oxidative stress refers to the imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the body's ability to neutralize or detoxify these harmful compounds through antioxidant defenses. This condition can result in cellular damage, inflammation, and the disruption of normal cellular processes, contributing to the development of various diseases. Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in aging, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and metabolic conditions like diabetes. This article explores the mechanisms of oxidative stress, its role in health and disease, the sources of ROS, and the body's defense mechanisms. Additionally, it reviews therapeutic strategies aimed at mitigating oxidative stress through lifestyle changes, dietary antioxidants, and pharmacological interventions.