Abstract

Oil refining plays a crucial role in the energy industry, transforming crude oil into a range of valuable products that power various sectors of the global economy. This abstract provides a concise overview of the key processes involved in oil refining and highlights the environmental implications associated with these activities. The refining process begins with the separation of crude oil into different fractions through distillation. Each fraction contains hydrocarbons with specific boiling points, enabling the production of diverse products such as gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, and petrochemical feedstocks. Beyond distillation, refining involves additional processes such as cracking, reforming, and hydrotreating to modify the composition and properties of these fractions.