Abstract

Osteosarcoma (OS), the most common type of primary malignant bone tumor, is defined by the presence of malignant mesenchymal cells that produce osteoid or immature bone. The highest incidence of the most common types of OS, high-grade central OS occurs in the 20th year of adolescent fast-growing life. Most patients experience pain and swelling in the affected area and usually see a doctor. Diagnosis is made by conventional x-rays, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In addition, three-phase bone scintigraphy, thallium scintigraphy, dynamic MRI, and positron emission spectroscopy are new, innovative and promising tools. OS can be treated with surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. There is a clear need for newer and more effective drugs for patients with OS, especially those suffering from metastatic and recurrent tumors. Anti-OS monoclonal antibodies may prove to be a useful treatment for either drug delivery or radiopharmaceuticals.