Abstract

Drug-induced toxicity poses a significant challenge in drug development and clinical practice, often leading to severe adverse effects and compromised patient safety. Traditional methods for detecting toxicity are frequently limited by late identification of clinical symptoms. Recent advancements in biomarker research have introduced novel approaches for early detection of drug-induced toxicity, promising to enhance drug safety and personalized medicine. This article explores the emerging novel biomarkers, including proteomic, genomic, metabolomic, microRNA, and cell-free DNA (cfDNA) markers. Each of these biomarkers offers unique insights into the mechanisms of toxicity and provides opportunities for early intervention. Proteomic biomarkers reveal specific protein alterations associated with toxicity, genomic biomarkers identify genetic predispositions, metabolomic biomarkers reflect biochemical changes, microRNA biomarkers indicate cellular stress, and cfDNA offers information on organ-specific damage. The integration of these biomarkers with advanced analytical technologies holds the potential to significantly improve early detection and management of drug-induced toxicity