Abstract

Liquid biopsies have emerged as a transformative non-invasive diagnostic tool in oncology, providing a dynamic and comprehensive approach to cancer detection and monitoring. By analyzing biomarkers such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs), cell-free DNA (cfDNA), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), and exosomes in blood samples, liquid biopsies offer significant advantages over traditional tissue biopsies, including real-time monitoring, early detection, and a complete view of tumor heterogeneity. This review explores the types of biomarkers utilized in liquid biopsies, their clinical applications in cancer screening, treatment monitoring, and personalized medicine, as well as the challenges and future directions of this innovative technology. As research and technological advancements continue, liquid biopsies are poised to revolutionize personalized cancer care, improving patient outcomes and quality of life.