Abstract

The fact that marine animals are exposed to a wide range of contaminants and that these exposures have an effect on their health is widely acknowledged. The methodologies, approaches, and technology used to categorize pollution levels or impacts are likewise in a constant state of flux because hundreds of new chemicals reach the worldwide market each year. However, the kind and scope of toxicological studies being done on marine animals are frequently constrained by legal and ethical issues. However, chances for cutting-edge in vivo, in vitro, and in silico research are abundant in the field of marine mammal toxicology. The discovery of causal links that inform source apportionment is crucial in the application of findings to risk assessments relating to populations, species, or habitats. A thorough understanding of the contaminant classifications, profiles, and destiny throughout location and time informs this in turn. The design and interpretation of marine animal (eco) toxicology studies heavily weighs these factors. This review article is going to illustrate the newly developed mammalian toxicology with moderate future approaches.