Abstract

Neurotoxicology is a field of science that investigates the adverse effects of chemical, biological, and physical agents on the structure and function of the nervous system. Exposure to neurotoxic substances, ranging from environmental pollutants to pharmaceutical drugs and industrial chemicals, can lead to a variety of neurological disorders. These disorders may manifest as cognitive impairments, motor dysfunction, and developmental abnormalities. This article discusses the principles of neurotoxicology, the mechanisms of neurotoxicity, the sources of neurotoxic substances, the clinical manifestations of neurotoxic exposure, and current research efforts aimed at mitigating neurotoxicity. By understanding the effects of neurotoxins on the nervous system, better preventative measures and therapeutic strategies can be developed to protect human health.