Abstract

Neuroimmunology is an emerging field of research that explores the complex interactions between the immune system and the central nervous system (CNS). Increasing evidence suggests that immune system dysregulation plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of various psychiatric disorders, including depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and autism spectrum disorder. Inflammatory responses within the brain, driven by microglia, peripheral immune cells, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, are thought to contribute to the onset and progression of these conditions. Recent studies have shown that alterations in immune responses may affect neuronal function, synaptic plasticity, and neurogenesis, all of which are essential processes for mental health. This review aims to synthesize current research on the role of immune system modulation in psychiatric disorders, with a particular focus on neuroinflammation, immune cell activation, and potential therapeutic interventions. Understanding the immunological mechanisms underlying psychiatric diseases could pave the way for novel treatment strategies, including immunemodulating therapies and early diagnostic biomarkers.