Abstract

Neuroinflammation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of various neurological disorders, involving the activation of glial cells and the release of pro-inflammatory mediators within the central nervous system. While acute neuroinflammatory responses are protective, chronic neuroinflammation is associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and multiple sclerosis, leading to neuronal damage and functional impairments. This article explores the intricate relationship between neuroinflammation and immune-mediated neurological disorders, highlighting the contribution of immune system dysregulation to disease progression. Additionally, we examine the emerging role of the gut microbiome in modulating neuroinflammatory responses, emphasizing its potential therapeutic implications. Current treatment strategies, including anti-inflammatory agents, disease-modifying therapies, and lifestyle interventions, are discussed in the context of their efficacy in managing neuroinflammation and improving neurological outcomes. Understanding the complex interplay between neuroinflammation and immune-mediated mechanisms may pave the way for innovative approaches to prevent and treat neurological disorders.