Abstract

Despite remarkable progress in the field of infectious disease management, central nervous system (CNS) infections continue to present a significant challenge. Their diagnosis is frequently challenging, and available treatments may be insufficient or even non-existent. Once these pathogens breach the blood-brain barrier or gain access to the central nervous system (CNS) through other means, they can lead to a broad spectrum of neurological symptoms and complications, ranging from mild cognitive impairments to severe life-threatening conditions. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the most common neuroinfectious diseases, shedding light on their pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, treatment strategies, and future perspectives.