Abstract

Neurodevelopmental disorders represent a complex array of conditions that significantly impact an individual's cognitive, social, and behavioral functioning. This abstract delves into the multifaceted understanding of these disorders, drawing insights from genetics, neuroscience, and clinical practice. Genetic research has unveiled a substantial contribution of genetic factors in the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders, with advances in genomic technology providing unprecedented insights into their molecular underpinnings. Through Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) and next-generation sequencing, specific genetic variations associated with conditions such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Intellectual Disability (ID), and Specific Learning Disorders (SLD) have been identified, shedding light on the intricate interplay between genetic susceptibility and environmental influences.