Abstract

Neonatal screening is a critical public health strategy aimed at the early identification of potentially life-threatening or disabling conditions in newborns, enabling timely interventions that can prevent long-term complications. This comprehensive guide explores the key aspects of neonatal screening, including its significance, methodologies, and benefits. We discuss various screening techniques such as biochemical, genetic, and hearing tests, alongside advancements in technology that enhance early diagnosis. The paper also examines the role of universal screening programs in improving health outcomes, reducing healthcare costs, and promoting early intervention for a range of metabolic, genetic, and infectious diseases. Furthermore, we highlight the ethical considerations and challenges in implementing neonatal screening, particularly in resource-limited settings. By presenting a detailed overview of current practices and emerging trends, this guide underscores the importance of neonatal screening in ensuring the health and well-being of infants worldwide.