Abstract

End-of-life (EOL) care represents a critical aspect of healthcare that addresses the physical, emotional, and ethical complexities associated with the final stages of life. Advance directives (ads) are legal documents that allow individuals to express their preferences regarding medical treatment in the event they become unable to communicate or make decisions for themselves. This paper explores the role of advance directives in navigating end-of-life care, focusing on their effectiveness in ensuring patient autonomy, guiding healthcare professionals, and reducing family conflict. It examines the various types of ads such as living wills, durable powers of attorney for healthcare, and do not resuscitate (DNR) orders and discusses the challenges that arise in their implementation, including issues of clarity, communication, and cultural differences. Additionally, the paper addresses the ethical dilemmas faced by clinicians when patient preferences are unclear or in conflict with medical recommendations. By analysing case studies and current practices, the paper emphasizes the importance of early, thoughtful planning, comprehensive discussions, and the role of interdisciplinary teams in facilitating patient-centered care at the end of life. The goal is to highlight how advance directives can serve as a valuable tool in navigating the complexities of EOL decision-making, ultimately enhancing patient dignity and ensuring that care aligns with personal values and wishes.