Abstract

Nanomaterials have revolutionized biotechnology by offering unique properties and applications at the nanoscale. This article explores the synthesis methods, characterization techniques, and diverse applications of nanomaterials in biotechnology. From drug delivery systems to environmental remediation, nanomaterials play pivotal roles in enhancing healthcare and sustainability. Key challenges and future directions in nanobiotechnology are also discussed, highlighting their potential to shape the future of personalized medicine and environmental stewardshi