Abstract

Amino acid metabolism in Escherichia coli is a multifaceted process essential for the bacterium’s survival, growth, and adaptation to diverse environments. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the multifaceted guidelines governing amino acid metabolism in E. coli, encompassing the synthesis, degradation, transport, and regulatory mechanisms involved. Key aspects of amino acid metabolism, including amino acid biosynthesis pathways, catabolic processes, amino acid transport systems, and global regulatory networks, are examined in detail. Emphasis is placed on the interconnection between different metabolic pathways, the role of amino acids as building blocks for protein synthesis, and their significance in cellular homeostasis and stress response. Furthermore, the regulatory mechanisms that govern amino acid metabolism in response to environmental cues, nutrient availability, and metabolic demands are discussed. Understanding the multifaceted guidelines of amino acid metabolism in E. coli is crucial for elucidating bacterial physiology, pathogenesis, and potential therapeutic targets. This review provides insights into the complexity and versatility of amino acid metabolism in E. coli and its implications for bacterial biology and biotechnology applications.