Abstract

Background A 44-year-old woman with abnormal vaginal bleeding was admitted with müllerian adenosarcoma, presenting as a "benign cervical polyp" protruding through the vulva. In order to contribute to an earlier and more accurate diagnosis, this report emphasizes the significance of a thorough examination of the stroma and the unique characteristics of the entrapped glands. The tumor's probable histogenesis and differential diagnosis with embryonal rhabdomysarcoma (sarcoma botryoides), adenofibroma, malignant mesodermal tumor, and carcinosarcoma are discussed in light of the available research. The presence of endometriosis or sarcomatous overgrowth influences the biological behavior of extra-uterine mullerian adenosarcomas. These behaviors manifest in accordance with the histological characteristics and origin locations of the tumors. Because only a small number of cases of extra-uterine and extra-ovarian adenosarcoma have been reported in the literature, the most effective treatment and oncologic outcome have not been established. In order to clarify outcomes and identify the most effective treatment options, we present a case of primary peritoneal adenosarcoma with sarcomatous overgrowth and review all previously reported cases of adenosarcomas arising outside the uterus and ovaries