Abstract

Parasitic infections pose a significant global health burden, and mucosal surfaces serve as primary entry points for many parasites. Understanding mucosal antiparasitic defenses is crucial for developing effective strategies to combat these infections. This comprehensive review examines the various components and mechanisms involved in mucosal antiparasitic defenses. It explores the structural features that provide barriers against parasites and highlights the innate immune responses initiated by mucosal epithelial cells and resident immune cells. The review also discusses the adaptive immune responses, particularly the role of secretory immunoglobulin A antibodies in neutralizing parasites. The interplay between the mucosal microbiota and antiparasitic defenses is explored, along with the influence of environmental factors. By providing a comprehensive overview, this review contributes to the understanding of mucosal antiparasitic defenses, informing the development of therapeutic strategies and interventions to reduce the global burden of parasitic diseases.