Abstract

In 2018, an estimated 1.3 million pregnant women have HIV. All HIV-positive pregnant women, regardless of clinical stage, should take a combination of antiretroviral medications to reduce maternal viral load and avoid vertical foetal infection since HIV infection is linked to worse pregnancy outcomes. Antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy unquestionably reduced mother-to-child HIV transmission, but there are still a few unknowns. For instance, pharmacokinetic parameters alter during pregnancy, yet there is a paucity of pertinent information from clinical research. Similar to this, nothing is known about the long-term negative consequences of antiretroviral exposure on foetuses. Here, we go through the most recent research on HIV's effects on the placenta and growing baby, suggested antiviral dosages, and pharmacokinetic factors with a focus on placental transport.