Abstract

The Ebola Virus (EBOV) is responsible for the severe and frequently fatal disease known as Ebola Virus Disease (EVD). EVD outbreaks typically begin with a single case of possible zoonotic transmission, which is followed by human-to-human transmission through direct contact or contact with contaminated fomites or bodily fluids. The case fatality rate of EVD is high; it has a fever, symptoms in the Gastrointestinal Tract, and the syndrome of Multiple Organ Dysfunction. Case definition and laboratory tests, typically Real Time Reverse Transcription PCR to detect viral RNA or Immunoassay Based Rapid Diagnostic Tests to detect EBOV antigens, are required for diagnosis. An EBOV-targeted vaccine was recently approved by regulatory agencies in the United States and Europe as a result of recent advancements in medical countermeasure research. The availability of these vaccines are most of the cases impossible specially the arena of developing countries due to their higher cost affectivity. Two monoclonal antibody products that target the EBOV membrane glycoprotein were found to improve survival rates in a randomized clinical trial of investigational therapies for EVD. New strategies for infection prevention and optimization of clinical management, acute illness outcomes, and patient attendance have been developed as a result of new observations made during the unprecedented Western African EVD outbreak (the largest in history) that occurred from 2013 to 2016 and the ongoing EVD outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The consequences regarding vaccine technology and its availability, creates a turning of treatment methodologies to invent groundbreaking drugs against this zoonotic virus.