Abstract

Discogenic Low Back Pain (DLBP) is a prevalent musculoskeletal disorder that significantly impacts quality of life. It arises from the degeneration of Intervertebral Discs (IVD), leading to pain and inflammation that can extend to the lower back and legs. Despite the prevalence, the underlying molecular mechanisms of DLBP remain incompletely understood. This review explores current insights into the molecular processes involved in the development of DLBP, focusing on genetic, cellular, and biochemical changes within the IVD. We also discuss the roles of inflammation, oxidative stress, matrix degradation, and neuronal remodelling in the pathogenesis of DLBP. Understanding these molecular mechanisms is crucial for the development of targeted therapies and improving the management of DLBP.