Abstract

Molecular diagnostics is a pivotal field that leverages advanced techniques to analyze genetic and molecular markers for disease diagnosis, treatment guidance, and risk assessment. This article explores the principles underlying molecular diagnostics, including targeted analysis, high sensitivity, and quantitative measurements. Key applications span oncology, infectious diseases, genetic testing, pharmacogenomics, and personalized medicine, showcasing the significant impact of molecular diagnostics on patient care. However, challenges such as regulatory complexities, result interpretation, cost, accessibility, and ethical considerations remain. As the field advances, emerging technologies and innovative methodologies promise to enhance diagnostic capabilities, ultimately improving patient outcomes and transforming healthcare