Abstract

Neonatal jaundice, characterized by the yellowing of an infant’s skin and eyes due to elevated bilirubin levels, is a common condition affecting newborns worldwide. This abstract provides a concise overview of the current knowledge and management strategies for neonatal jaundice.

Epidemiology: Neonatal jaundice affects approximately 60% of term and 80% of preterm newborns. While often benign, severe hyperbilirubinemia can lead to neurotoxicity and long-term neurological deficits if left untreated.

Pathophysiology the main cause of neonatal jaundice is the immature liver’s inability to efficiently conjugate and excrete bilirubin. Hemolysis, blood group incompatibilities, and genetic factors also contribute to its development.

Clinical presentation: Jaundice typically appears within the first few days of life. Physical examination and bilirubin level measurement help determine the severity of jaundice. Early recognition is essential to prevent complications.

Management: Phototherapy is the primary treatment for neonatal jaundice, converting unconjugated bilirubin into a water-soluble form for excretion. Severe cases may require exchange transfusions. Monitoring bilirubin levels and addressing underlying causes are crucial aspects of management.

Timely identification of infants at risk for severe jaundice, especially those with hemolytic disorders, is challenging. Effective communication with parents regarding the condition’s benign nature and potential complications is essential.