Abstract

Micropropagation is one from tissue culture which allows the production of large number of plants from small pieces of the mother plant in relatively short period of time and limited space. Micropropagation as recent technique is mainly used for bulk rapid propagation of several commercial plant species included date palm. Tissue culture technique may offer a possible method to produce a large number of genetically uniform palms identical to other plants and normal fruit after 4 years from planting and production of date palm plants free from diseased, almost 100% survival rate compared with vegetative of shoots due to the presence of a strong root system on them. Surface sterilization is the most important step in preparation of explants for in vitro because controlling bacteria and fungi contamination of most fruit plants from field sources is very different. The successful applications on micropropagation of date palm during in vitro acclimatized depending on the appearance of number of leaves before transplanting in the greenhouse. Thus, the ultimate goal of this review was to find out the factors controlling micropropagation of fruit trees. India is homeland to diverse of significant but minor fruit crops such as Indian gooseberry, (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.), Karonda (Carissa carandas L.), Bael (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Jamun (Syzygium cuminii L.), jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus L.) which bear high nutritional, medicinal, therapeutic values and of great commercial importance (medicinal, food and cosmetics). Due to a paucity of desirable planting materials, the commercial production process for these crops is restricted. Micropropagation has the potential to significantly increase the number of new cultivars or genotypes of such fruit crops. The objective of this review study is to compile existing research work done on the micropropagation of these underutilized fruit crops.

Keywords: Tissue culture; In vitro; Somaclonal variation; Embryo rescue; Molecular marker