Abstract

Metamorphism is a critical geological process in mountain building, transforming rocks through heat, pressure, and fluid activity during tectonic events. This paper explores the role of metamorphism in orogeny, focusing on the processes, types of metamorphic rocks formed, and their implications for understanding Earth's tectonic history. Key processes such as regional, contact, dynamic, and hydrothermal metamorphism are examined, alongside the formation of rocks like schist, gneiss, marble, slate, and quartzite. By studying metamorphic rocks and their pressure-temperature paths, geologists can reconstruct tectonic environments and the evolutionary history of mountain belts, providing essential insights into the forces shaping the Earth's crust.